Framing of stakeholder responses to insecurity’s impact on education in southeast Nigeria (2021 - 2022): A newspaper content analysis
Keywords:
Insecurity on education, state-owned newspapers, agenda setting theory.Abstract
This study examined the coverage of the impact of insecurity on education in southeast by one national and five state-owned or local newspapers. This research was conducted to determine the level of prominence, nature of impact and suggested solutions. The theoretical framework for this study was based on the agenda setting theory and media framing theory. The research design adopted was the mixed method, using quantitative content analysis and qualitative proximity-relational analysis. The purposively selected newspapers were: Daily Sun, Statesman, National Ambassador, National Light, Citizen Advocate and The Advocate. To select the stories, the researcher ran an advanced Google search on each of the websites of the selected newspapers with the search string “insecurity AND education AND southeast”. Of the 4,727 results retrieved from the advanced search, 2,661 results were included. The major findings were that the majority of the stories (49.76%) were classified as Straight News, the most common depth was the 1-page category, accounting for 45.2%. Also, there was significant association between prominence and depth of stories showing impact of insecurity on education in Southeast, Nigeria. There was a significant bias in the selected newspapers in terms of sources cited in the news: the Minister of Education, and police sources were overrepresented, while school, students and relatives were underrepresented. This study recommends increasing coverage of impact frames beyond just the closure and destruction of schools, diversify sources of information and perspectives, increase coverage of stories with greater depth, as well as implementation of the potential solutions proffered in the stories.
References
Abba, A. A., Abbasaniel, A. A., & Msughteraniel, A. E. (2021). Comparative content analysis of press coverage of kidnapping cases in Nigeria. Journal of Communication & Methods, 3(1), 84–99.
Achilike, A. B., & Achilike, C. C. (2016). Causes of female students’ dropout in secondary schools in Ebonyi State, Southeast Nigeria: Psychological implications. Journal of Educational Policy and Entrepreneurial Research, 3(4), 103–110.
Adamu, A., & Rasheed, Z. H. (2016). Effects of insecurity on internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Northern Nigeria: Prognosis and diagnosis. Global Journal of Human Social Science, 16(1), 1–6.
Adebowale, N. (2017). In Nigeria, glaucoma affects southeast region most. Premium Times. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/health/health-news/222872-nigeria-glaucoma-affects-south-east-region.html
Adekoya, H. O., Ifidon, S., & Chioma, P. E. (2016). Newspaper coverage of the Chibok girls’ abduction in North-East Nigeria. IJRDO Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 1(1), 36–47.
Adeyanju, A. (2014). A textual analysis of online newspaper readers’ comments on the coverage of Chibok school girls’ kidnap. Covenant Journal of Communication, 2(2), 77–87.
Adeyemo, J. A. (2015). Content analysis of newspaper coverage of education issues in Nigeria. New Media and Mass Communication, 40(1), 1–13.
Aliogo, U. (2022). 2023: Nigeria needs inclusive leadership for good governance, says Ighodalo. ThisDay. https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/18/2023-nigeria-needs-inclusive-leadership-for-good-governance-says-ighodalo/
Alphonsus, U. C., Etumnu, E. W., Talabi, F. O., Fadeyi, I. O., Aiyesimoju, A. B., Apuke, O. D., & Celestine, G. V. (2022). Journalism and reportage of insecurity: Newspaper and television coverage of banditry activities in Northern Nigeria. Newspaper Research Journal, 1–15.
Alvernia University. (2018). The agenda-setting theory in mass communication. https://online.alvernia.edu/articles/agenda-setting-theory/
Ani, K. J., & Uwizeyimana, D. E. (2022). End SARS and post-lockdown insecurity in Southeastern Nigeria. Retrieved from https://ujcontent.uj.ac.za/discovery/fulldisplay/alma9917708007691/27UOJ_INST:ResearchRepository
Asekhamhe, M. O., Okedi, J., & Egwa, A. (2022). Newspaper coverage of IPOB activities in Southeast Nigeria. SAU Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 7(1), 177–185.
Asemah, E. S., Gujbawu, M., Ekhareafo, D. O., & Okpanachi, R. A. (2012). Research methods and procedures in mass communication. Jos University Press.
Chowdhury, S., & Halde, S. (2016). Educational dissemination through newspaper daily. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(7), 1–12.
Chukwu, J. (2020). Newspaper coverage of the education sector in Nigeria. Global Journal of Human-Social Science: Arts & Humanities–Psychology, 20(6), 9–21.
Coe, K., & Kuttner, P. J. (2018). Education coverage in television news: A typology and analysis of 35 years of topics. AERA Open, 4(1), 1–13.
Crosley, J. (2021). What (exactly) is qualitative content analysis? Grad Coach International. https://gradcoach.com/qualitative-content-analysis/
Eleke, D. (2021). Yahoo plus: Nigerian youths, ritual killings and quest for wealth. ThisDay. https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/03/14/yahoo-plus-nigerian-youths-ritual-killings-and-quest-for-wealth/
Eze, V. C. (2019). Examining selected newspapers’ framing of the renewed Biafran agitation in Nigeria (2016–2017). Interações: Sociedade e as Novas Modernidades, 37, 11–33.
Fab-Ukozor, N., Onyebuchi, A. C., Obayi, P. M., Anorue, L. I., & Nnenna, F. O. (2020). Portrayal of women in advertising on Facebook and Instagram. In Proceedings of the 18th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (pp. 149–158).
Fields, B. (2005). School discipline coverage in Australian newspapers: Impact on public perceptions, educational decisions and policy. University of Southern Queensland.
Gever, C. V., & Essien, C. F. (2019). Newspaper coverage of the herdsmen–farmers conflict in central Tiv land, Benue State, Nigeria. Media, War & Conflict, 12(1), 102–120.
Gojani, A., Terziu, L., & Osmani, O. (2020). Higher education in Kosovo: Media coverage and the challenges. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 9(3), 176–183.
Guanah, J. S., & Ibbi, A. L. (2022). Educational news reportage in newspapers in Ghana and Nigeria: A contrastive content analysis. Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Management, 8(1), 27–37.
Ijeoma, P. O. (2021). Health is wealth: Newspaper coverage of the economic impact of COVID-19 in Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), 5169, 1–28. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/5169
Ikeh, C. P. (2021). Impact of sectional agitation for self-determination on national development: A study of IPOB and MASSOB of South-Eastern Nigeria. Quest Journals Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science, 9(10), 36–59.
Internet Public Library. (2021). SPSS: Advantages and disadvantages. https://www.ipl.org/essay/Spss-Advantages-And-Disadvantages-PCP7NHZZ26
Iremeka, C. (2022). Aftermath of #EndSARS protests: Policing crippled, insecurity escalates. The Guardian. https://guardian.ng/sunday-magazine/newsfeature/aftermath-of-endsars-protests-policing-crippled-insecurity-escalates/
Issa, A. A. (2016). Reporting agriculture in the Nigerian press: Content analysis of Daily Trust and Vanguard newspapers (Unpublished project). Bayero University, Kano. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309153535_Reporting_Agriculture_in_The_Nigerian_Press
Itabiyi, O., Kayode-Adedeji, T., Omole, F., & Ekanem, T. (2019). Newspaper coverage of religious crises and security in Nigeria. In Proceedings of INTCESS 2019 – 6th International Conference on Education and Social Sciences.
Kigerl, A. (2012). Routine activity theory and the determinants of high cybercrime countries. Social Science Computer Review, 30(4), 470–486.
Laar, A. K. (2010). Family planning, abortion, and HIV in Ghanaian print media: A 15-month content analysis. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 14(4), 83–89.
LeTourneau University. (2021). Quantitative research and analysis: Quantitative methods overview. https://lib-guides.letu.edu/quantresearch
Luo, A. (2021). What is content analysis and how can you use it in your research? https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/content-analysis/
Muobike, O. I. (2017). The Guardian and The Nation newspapers framing of the abduction of Chibok girls. International Journal of Communication: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication Studies, 22, 1–15.
Ndubuisi-Okolo, P. U., & Anigbuogu, T. (2019). Insecurity in Nigeria: Implications for industrialization and sustainable development. International Journal of Research in Business Studies and Management, 6(4), 7–16.
Nnam, M. U. (2014). Kidnapping in southeastern states of contemporary Nigeria: Social and demographic characteristics of offenders. International Journal of Development and Management Review, 9(1), 62–75.
Nnamani, L. C. (2015). Socio-economic effects of kidnapping in South-East Nigeria. World Journal of Management and Behavioral Studies, 3(2), 36–43.
Nwabueze, C., & Ezebuenyi, E. (2019). Newspaper framing of Biafra agitation under Buhari’s administration and its influence on public support. African Journalism Studies.
Nwankpa, N. N., & Onyekosor, A. I. (2015). Nigerian newspaper coverage of militancy in the Niger Delta. New Media and Mass Communication, 44, 51–63.
Obiezu, K. (2021). Nigeria’s epidemic of internet fraud. The Guardian. https://guardian.ng/opinion/nigerias-epidemic-of-internet-fraud/
Odiegwu-Enwerem, C., Oso, L., Amodu, L., Chuks-Enwerem, U., & Okorie, N. (2021). Insecurity, peace journalism and national development. Journal of African Research in Business & Technology, 12, 2–17.
Oetting, J. (2020). Data visualization 101: How to choose the right chart or graph for your data. HubSpot. https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/types-of-graphs-for-data-visualization
Ojilere, A., Nnabue, U., & Oraegbunam, I. K. U. (2017). Conceptualizing cyber scam in Nigeria. AFJCLJ, 2, 1–13.
Okali, D., Okpara, E., & Olawoye, J. (2001). Profile of South-Eastern Nigeria and description of the study area. In The case of Aba and its region, southeastern Nigeria (pp. 12–20). International Institute for Environment and Development. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep01762.5
Okonkwo, R. I., Ndubuisi-Okolo, P., & Anagbogu, T. (2015). Security challenges and implications for business activities in Nigeria. Journal of Policy and Development Studies, 9(2), 157–168.
Onyebuchi, C. A., & Obayi, P. M. (2019). Analysis of newspaper framing of the 2009 rebranding Nigeria campaigns. International Journal of Communication, 1–12.
Oriola, T. B. (2021). Framing and movement outcomes: The #BringBackOurGirls movement. Third World Quarterly, 42(4), 641–660.
Orlu-Orlu, H. C. (2017). Perception of Nigerian Television Authority and Channels Television reportage of the Chibok girls’ abduction. European Scientific Journal, 13(23), 176–192.
Pedamkar, P. (2020). R vs SPSS. Educba. https://www.educba.com/r-vs-spss/
Preeti, L. (2014). Education and role of media in the education system. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research, 2(3), 174–177.
Shine, K. (2018). ‘Everything is negative’: Schoolteachers’ perceptions of news coverage of education. Journalism, 1–30.
Statistics Solutions. (2021). Data levels of measurement. https://www.statisticssolutions.com/dissertation-resources/descriptive-statistics/data-levels-of-measurement/
Ugwu, A. C., Ngene, A. H., Uduma, U. E., & Nwaogwugwu, G. I. (2020). Influence of communication and migration on security issues in Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 25(7), 46–53.
Umetiti, C. P., & Ezeifeka, C. (2021). Analysis of newspaper reports of the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB). AJELLS: Awka Journal of English Language and Literary Studies, 8(1), 135–141.
Usman, U. S. (2015). Socio-economic causes and effects of armed robbery in contemporary Nigerian society. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3(5), 886–897.
Uzorma, P. N., & Nwanegbo-Ben, J. (2014). Challenges of hostage-taking and kidnapping in Southeastern Nigeria. International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature, 2(6), 131–142.
Wachen, J. (2017). Media coverage of educational testing: Understanding issue dimensions using topic modelling (Doctoral dissertation). University of North Carolina.
World Population Review. (2022). Population of cities in Nigeria. https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/cities/nigeria
Yusuf, A. W. (2019). Impact of the implementation of security education curriculum on students’ security consciousness in Nigeria. Journal of Teaching and Teacher Education, 7(2), 79–85.
